created the provisional government for North Carolina and provided a template that the other Southern governments were supposed to follow. In North Carolina all of those able to vote before the Civil War and who fell within the scope of Johnson’s pardons could vote. This formulation denied freedmen the franchise while granting it to men who had rebelled against the United States. By leaving suffrage qualifications up to the new legislatures, it ensured that blacks would not vote in the South. Johnson appointed William W. Holden, a secessionist who had become a peace candidate in 1864, as
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