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the most critical innovation was the use of iron and steel in revolutionary new designs cloaked by stone and brick exteriors. Instead of having thick weight-bearing masonry walls, these buildings used cage or skeleton construction, which permitted thin walls, providing more floor space, larger windows, and thus more interior light.
The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 (Oxford History of the United States)
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