The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 (Oxford History of the United States)

by Richard White

James Ware’s design of the ubiquitous dumbbell tenement. The winner of a design contest for affordable housing for the poor, it became synonymous with poverty, filth, and urban squalor. From The Plumbing and Sanitation Engineer (1879).