The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 (Oxford History of the United States)

by Richard White

Eliphalet Whittlesey, the assistant commissioner for North Carolina, saw blacks as entering a hard apprenticeship. Only suffering, he believed, could make them “the equal of the Anglo-Saxon.” Slavery, apparently, had not been hardship enough.60