Economic logic tells us that specialization and trade will increase the value of production in the world. It doesn’t guarantee that the value will be shared fairly. Consider the state of Guatemala today. It still exports bananas—hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth.14 It grows a lot of other stuff, too: sheep and sugarcane; coffee and corn and cardamom.15 But it has the world’s fourth-highest rate of chronic malnutrition; half of its children are stunted because they don’t get enough to eat.16 Economists still
