The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google
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Walmart’s share of online sales in 2017 was 1.9 percent, while Amazon’s was 36.2 percent.
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It’s hard—or impossible—to compete with a giant who doesn’t need to make money,115 and who reinvests earnings into deeper moats against the competition.
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Amazon is Google’s largest customer and is better at optimizing search than Google is at optimizing Amazon.
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Searches for product are lucrative—they
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Amazon’s search franchise may rival Google’s in value someday, as the people looking to spend start their search at Amazon.
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Each year, Google and brand.coms lose product search volume to Amazon (6 to 12 percent for retailers for 2015 to 2016).
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55 percent of product searches start on Amazon (vs. 28 percent on search engines such as Google).
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This shifts the power, and margin, from Google and retailers to Amazon.
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There is a rebel force of innovative retailers out there who are fighting the empire: Sephora, Home Depot, and Best Buy, to name a few.
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These firms are zigging as Amazon zags and investing in people—beauty associates, blue shirts, geek squads, and gold canvas aprons.
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They couple this investment in human capital with a deft inves...
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Consumers no longer go to stores for products, which are easier to get from Amazon. They go t...
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We thus have, in essence, fetishized the iPhone, and in the process opened the door to a new kind of corporate extremism to emerge.
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this kind of secular worship is dangerous.
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In the first decade of the twenty-first century, following Jobs’s return to Apple,
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the company embarked on the greatest run of innovation in business history.
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In those ten years, Apple introduced one earth-shaking, 100-billion-dollar, category-creating new pro...
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The iPod, iTunes, iPhone, and iPad . . . there has never bee...
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The unsung hero of Apple’s success is Napster founder Shawn Fanning, who scared the music industry into the arms of Apple,
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he turned Apple, after the risk-averse years under John Sculley, into a company—arguably the biggest company ever—that made taking risks its first option.
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Steve Jobs—not Bob Noyce at Intel or David Packard at HP—became the first person to found a company and then make it the most valuable company in the world. Stores,
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For all the good that Jobs did for Apple, he was also a destructive force inside the company.
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He bullied employees; his attitudes around philanthropy and inclusiveness were small; his mercurial personality and megalomania kept Apple perpetually in borderline chaos.
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His death ended the company’s historic run of innovation, but it also let Apple, under Tim Cook, focus on predicta...
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You can see the results on the balance sheet: if profits are a sign of success, in fiscal year 2015 Apple was the most successful firm in history,...
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The sector that has inspired Apple’s modern-day strategy is the luxury industry.
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The Cupertino firm controls 19.2 percent of the smartphone market, but captures 87 percent of global smartphone profits
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Apple would drop “Computer” from its corporate name in recognition that the concept of the computer was anchored in the past.
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The future would be about stuff, from music to phones, powered by computers.
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The customer could carry these branded products aroun...
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A kind of meta-scarcity is key to Apple’s success.
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It may sell millions of iPods, iPhones, and Apple Watches, but likely only 1 percent of the world can (rationally) afford them—and that’s how Apple wants it.
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I’ve been advising luxury brands for twenty-five years and believe these firms, from Porsche to Prada,
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share five key attributes: an iconic founder, artisanship, vertical integration, global reach, and a premium price.
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CEOs come and go, but founders are forever.
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Art, and the democratization of art (artisanship), fuels and sustains their brands.
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Each store gave the customer a place to experience the brand Drexler envisioned.
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He wasn’t selling luxury but creating a world around the brand and engaging the consumer face-to-face.
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He was taking a page from luxury brands and creating a simula...
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His strategy stoked revenue and profits, and The Gap began a twenty-year run that was the...
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Drexler recognized that while television could broadcast a brand’s message,
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physical stores could go much further. They gave customers a place to step into the brand, to smell it and touch it.
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So, while Gap’s key rival, Levi’s, continued to create the best TV commercials, Drexl...
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It’s difficult to remember now, but when Apple made that move back then, most people figured the company was wrong; that Apple was a company lurching toward irrelevance;
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The stores, of course, changed the tech industry—and advanced Apple as a luxury company.
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The iPhone drove Apple’s share, but stores drove the brand and margin.
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It wasn’t the iPhone, but the Apple Store, that defined Apple’s success.
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Rich people are more homogeneous than any cohort on earth.
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Mass market retailers, including Walmart and Carrefour, have to hire ethnographers to guide them in local markets.
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But luxury brands, including Apple, define their own universe.
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