In 2011 health researcher Annaliese Beery at the University of California, San Francisco, and biologist Irving Zucker at the University of California, Berkeley, published a study looking into sex biases in animal research in one sample year: 2009. Of the ten scientific fields they investigated, eight showed a male bias. In pharmacology, the study of medical drugs, the articles reporting only on males outnumbered those reporting only on females by five to one. In physiology, which explores how our bodies work, it was almost four to one.
