In 1888 she gave a talk titled ‘Sex in Brain’ at the convention of the International Council of Women in Washington, DC, in which she argued against some scientists’ claim that because women’s brains were lighter than men’s, by extension, women must also be less intelligent. One of the most high-profile men to suggest this was William Alexander Hammond, no less than a former Surgeon General of the US Army and one of the founders of the American Neurological Association.