I’d first noticed this with Microsoft’s abuse of its monopoly position in the personal computer industry. In the early years, there was a thriving ecosystem of application vendors built on top of Microsoft Windows; by the time Microsoft reached its zenith, it had taken over many of the most lucrative application categories, using its platform dominance to drive the former leaders out of business. Entrepreneurs naturally went elsewhere, finding opportunity in the green fields of the as-yet noncommercial Internet.

