Alice Kessler-Harris, author of Women Have Always Worked, tells it, at the turn of the last century and at different points in the twentieth century, America was indeed a land of opportunity. Immigration was always difficult, but it could be a pathway to success. Now, says Kessler-Harris, there is less social mobility in the United States than in most industrialized countries. According to studies, upward social mobility may be as difficult in the United States as it is in Britain, a country famed for its ironclad social class structure. This is counterintuitive, of course. We’ve always
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