The Government of India was quick to derail their hopes. It promulgated the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Ordinance, 1985, which was replaced by the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985 (the Bhopal Act) on 29 March 1985. The Bhopal Act gave the Central government the exclusive right to represent and act (in India or overseas) in place of the persons entitled to make claims in relation to the Bhopal gas leak. It authorized the Central government to represent the interests of those affected by the gas leak as ‘parens patriae’—this tool, which originated in
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