In 2015, Rio Tinto became the first company to utilize a fleet of fully remote-controlled trucks to move all the iron ore at its mine in Western Australia’s Pilbara region. The driverless vehicles run twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year and are supervised from a control center a thousand miles away. The savings from breaks, absenteeism, and shift changes enable the robotic fleet to be 12% more efficient than the human-driven one. Automated milking systems milk about one-quarter of the cows in leading dairy countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands today. Within ten years, this
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