The period since then has coincided with the most dramatic expansion of the European Union. Not only did Europe’s club almost double from fifteen to twenty-eight members (soon to be twenty-seven, after the completion of Brexit), but the powers concentrated in Brussels grew dramatically. Whatever else you can say about the EU, it is not a democracy. ‘European integration, it needs to be emphasized, was part and parcel of this comprehensive attempt to constrain the popular will,’ says Harvard’s Jan-Werner Müller.49
