1969—First low-cost spay/neuter clinic opens in Los Angeles. Before that, euthanasia numbers were off the charts. 1972—ASPCA requires adopted animals to be spayed and neutered before going home. 1970s—Change to primarily indoor-only lifestyle (especially in United States) Recommended by many veterinary and humane organizations to protect cats from danger, to protect wildlife from their hunting, and because cats are increasingly accepted as family members. 1990—TNR (Trap, Neuter, Return) emerges.
