More on this book
Community
Kindle Notes & Highlights
“China in 1405 was home to sixty-five million people. England had only two million. China was the largest economy in the world at that time. India was second. And the Chinese fleets were much more advanced than those of any European power. Their largest ship was four hundred feet long and had a four-tiered deck. By comparison, Christopher Columbus’s largest ship, the Santa María, was roughly fifty-eight feet long.
Hong Kong for fifty years. Her brother was still there. The city had been under British control since 1841. It was called the Pearl of the Orient—a major trading hub, financial center, and a strategic location with a deep harbor. “In 1941, the Chinese and Japanese had already been at war for four years, and it was bloody. The Battle of Shanghai involved almost a million combatants. Chiang Kai-shek lost his best troops and officers there. They never recovered. The following month, the Japanese took Nanking, the Chinese capital at the time. And what they did there… was inhuman. After the losses,
...more
“Punctuated equilibrium,” Lin said, “is a theory proposed in 1972 by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould. Before that time, evolutionary biologists had debated how new species developed. Most thought it happened gradually over time—what we call phyletic gradual evolution. But the fossil record doesn’t support that. It shows that when a species emerges, it is generally stable, with little genetic change, for long stretches of time. When evolution does occur, it happens rapidly—new species branch off in a relatively short period of time. On a geological scale, anyway.”
Fictive thinking triggered a further acceleration in human evolution.
How did fictive thinking—this evolutionary leap forward—occur almost simultaneously in independent populations separated by huge distances? The same thing happened with the development of agriculture, twelve thousand years ago. We found eleven different civilizations, completely isolated from each other, in which agriculture emerged independently, at almost exactly the same time. Or writing—the next great human breakthrough, as it allowed us to store data far more efficiently than we could through oral traditions. This, too, occurred at the same time, in at least three isolated groups.