Efficient Markets Hypothesis follows a simple chain of economic logic to its counterintuitive conclusion. Cardano’s martingale, Bachelier’s random walk, Samuelson’s proof, and Fama’s statistics all lead to the same place: prices must fully reflect all available information. The Efficient Markets Hypothesis didn’t appear in a vacuum, however. It was part of a new quantitative movement in financial economics, along with Harry Markowitz’s optimal portfolio theory; William Sharpe’s Capital Asset Pricing Model (which we’ll come back to in chapter 8); and Fischer Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert C.
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