we remain in the early days of this research. The biggest questions are still unanswered. Does the balance of sex hormones have an effect beyond the sexual organs and deeper into our minds and behavior, leading to pronounced differences between women and men? And what does this tell us about how we evolved? Is the traditional stereotype of the breadwinning father and the stay-at-home mother really part of our biological makeup, as Darwin assumed, or is it an elaborate social construction that’s unique to humans? Studies into sex differences are as powerful as they are controversial.