the New Testament still consistently refers to the nation Israel as “Israel” even after the establishment of the church. Israel is addressed as a nation in contrast to Gentiles after the church was established at Pentecost (Acts 3:12; 4:8, 10; 5:21, 31, 35; 21:28). As Ryrie points out, “In Paul’s prayer for natural Israel (Rom. 10:1) there is a clear reference to Israel as a national people distinct from and outside the church.”64 Ryrie argues that Paul’s linking of national Israel to the covenants and promises of the Old Testament, even while in a state of unbelief, is further proof that the
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