The careful schema design required by an MPP database slows down that centralized data collection; collecting data in its raw form, and worrying about schema design later, allows the data collection to be speeded up (a concept sometimes known as a “data lake” or “enterprise data hub” [55]). Indiscriminate data dumping shifts the burden of interpreting the data: instead of forcing the producer of a dataset to bring it into a standardized format, the interpretation of the data becomes the consumer’s problem (the schema-on-read approach [56]; see “Schema flexibility in the document model”). This
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