This scenario of suppressing duplicate transactions is just one example of a more general principle called the end-to-end argument, which was articulated by Saltzer, Reed, and Clark in 1984 [55]: The function in question can completely and correctly be implemented only with the knowledge and help of the application standing at the endpoints of the communication system. Therefore, providing that questioned function as a feature of the communication system itself is not possible. (Sometimes an incomplete version of the function provided by the communication system may be useful as a performance
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