the Jews, those people who are so strangely and insistently connected with the idea of God, were slaughtered on the most civilized continent in the world, the orders for their execution given by persons who listened to Mozart in the evening, who had been educated in the great philosophical traditions of Immanuel Kant, and who sang Luther’s hymns in church on Sundays. Each novel has a similar conclusion: “My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man. Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes.”*2

