This is the cautionary tale with which we approach the subject of gain-of-function research of concern (GOFRC) and dual-use research of concern (DURC). Gain-of-function, as you will remember from chapter 4, is an intentionally created mutation through one of several methods, which gives the microbe new functions or abilities. DURC is life-science research that could be directly misapplied and pose a significant threat to public health and safety.
