It was Vietnam, not outer space, that would prove formative for the modern agency. Over the next three decades, the projects in that office would give rise to precision weapons, drones, and stealth aircraft—the modern tools of warfare, or what some would later call a “revolution in military affairs.” In a few short years, Lukasik had overhauled ARPA, creating the foundations for weapons that would in the coming decades transform the battlefield. “It all came from counterinsurgency,” Lukasik said.

