Ruina, an engineer, was even less interested in the behavioral sciences, Licklider’s other assignment, which was allocated just $2 million a year. Ruina dismissed the entire field as Freudian ruminations. “Tell me what has happened in the last twenty years in behavioral sciences that you would think of as a breakthrough in the sense of giving us new concepts, and thinking, and important contributions, and…did it come from any government contract—cut-pipe work, or was it a guy who is more of a novelist like Tolstoy who was able to do great human insights without having to get a government
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