These include the ‘Big Bang’, which postulates a cosmic beginning to the universe. This was a departure from conventional thinking that postulated the universe was static and eternal, needing no creator (see Chapter 5). In the 1970s cosmologists discovered the intriguing phenomenon of fine-tuning, which explicitly demonstrated that the universe’s laws and arrangement seemed designed and fine-tuned so that complex conscious life, like human beings, could exist (see Chapter 8). Near the beginning of the 20th century we had an utterly inadequate understanding of biology’s nuts and bolts.
