Back in the late 1840s, a physician from Bristol named William Budd argued that the disease was spread by contaminated sewage carrying “a living organism of a distinct species, which was taken by the act of swallowing it, which multiplied in the intestine by self propagation.” In an article published in the British Medical Journal, Budd wrote that “there was no proof whatever” that “the poisons of specific contagious diseases ever originate spontaneously” or were transmitted through the air via miasma. During the latter outbreak, he prioritized disinfecting measures with an antiseptic,
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