clay is understood to represent Israel, then it is clear that the spoiling (or callousing) is a direct result of their own rebellious choices, not the molding of the Potter. The Potter merely reshapes the already-flawed clay into something useful for a greater good, such as bringing the means of redemption to all peoples. Some vessels are selected to be used for noble purposes, like apostleship, while others are sealed in their calloused condition to fulfill God’s redemptive plan. This indeed would give cause for all to glory in the free choices of such a righteous Potter sovereignly working
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