seed. In short, being the seed of Isaac does not ensure your salvation, especially if you stand in opposition to the Word of God, as did the Edomites. Paul attempts to demonstrate that descendants of Abraham have been fighting those who were carrying the promise since the very beginning. This point would bolster Paul’s contention that God’s promise to Israel has not failed, although many of Abraham’s descendants are standing in active opposition, just as Edom had done before them. God’s curse, or hatred, against Esau (Edom) for opposing God’s Word carried by Jacob (Israel) served as a warning
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