So long as discontent was not general or other groups offered responses to it that some people found more persuasive, as the Center Party did to devout Catholics, the socialists did to industrial workers, and the Conservative Party did to landowners and pious Lutherans, political antisemitism could not thrive. Intellectual antisemitism, however, was another matter; it had a broader, more constant audience and reflected a persistent unwillingness to see Jews in Germany as Germans.
