St. John Ambulance First Aid Reference Guide

by St. John Ambulance Association

Take charge of the situation Call out for help to attract bystanders Assess hazards and make the area safe Find out the history of the emergency, how many casualties there are and the mechanism(s) of injury Identify yourself as a first aider and offer to help, get consent Assess responsiveness

Scene survey

The secondary survey has four steps: History Vital signs Head-to-toe exam First aid for any injury or illness found

Secondary Survey

Changes in level of consciousness Afraid Weak, rapid pulse—radial pulse may be absent

Signs of shoCk

Injected poison – e.g. bee sting