As we saw, there’s that shortcut from the thalamus directly to the amygdala, such that while the first few layers of, say, the visual cortex are futzing around with unpacking a complex image, the amygdala is already thinking, “That’s a gun!” and reacting. And as we saw, there’s the trade-off: information reaches the amygdala fast but is often inaccurate.16 The amygdala thinks it knows what it’s seeing before the frontal cortex slams on the brakes; an innocent man reaches for his wallet and dies.

