In the first, male subjects formed two teams; each subject chose how much of his money to put into a pot shared with teammates. As usual, oxytocin increased such generosity. Then participants played the Prisoner’s Dilemma with someone from the other team.* When financial stakes were high, making subjects more motivated, oxytocin made them more likely to preemptively stab the other player in the back. Thus, oxytocin makes you more prosocial to people like you (i.e., your teammates) but spontaneously lousy to Others who are a threat. As emphasized by De Dreu, perhaps oxytocin evolved to enhance
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