In the 1950s Lawrence Kohlberg, then a graduate student at the University of Chicago and later a professor at Harvard, began formulating his monumental stages of moral development.17 Kids would be presented with moral conundrums. For example: The only dose of the only drug that will save a poor woman from dying is prohibitively expensive. Should she steal it? Why? Kohlberg concluded that moral judgment is a cognitive process, built around increasingly complex reasoning as kids mature. He proposed his famed three stages of moral development, each with two subparts.

