in a long list of countries that includes Canada, France, Germany, Brazil, and Australia, clinical interventions in the human germline are expressly prohibited, with criminal sanctions that range from fines to lengthy prison terms. In other countries, such as China, India, and Japan, these interventions are forbidden, but with guidelines that are not legislative and thus less enforceable. In the United States, the current policy might be considered restrictive: there are no outright bans,
