In economics, the decisions of firms are affected by their expectations of a competitor’s choice of product, price and advertising. In political science, a candidate’s policy platform is influenced by the policy announcements of their rival. In biology, animals must compete for scarce resources, but can be hurt if they are too aggressive with the wrong rival. In computer science, networked computers compete for bandwidth. In sociology, public displays of non-conformist attitudes are influenced by others’ behaviour, which is shaped by social culture.
