But cryobiologists hope that a new technique, called nanotechnology, will soon make revival a reality. Nanotechnology uses microscopic machines to manipulate single atoms—the building blocks of all things, even organisms—to build or repair human cells and tissues. Futurists hope that soon nanotechnology will repair not only the cell damage caused by freezing, but also the damage done by aging and disease. Some cryobiologists predict that the first cryonic revival might occur somewhere around the year 2040.