Perhaps Madison Grant’s most cynical alliance was with Marcus Garvey, an African American. Garvey wanted blacks to take pride in their race, pride in their accomplishments; he didn’t want them to feel compelled to assimilate into society. Garvey condemned interracial marriage, preached racial purity, and yearned for an African homeland. By 1920, when blacks were routinely being lynched in the South, Garvey’s Back-to-Africa campaign had two million members. Where Marcus Garvey sought a homeland for men and women who were treated poorly because of the color of their skin, Grant sought
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