By the late 1930s, lobotomies had been performed in Cuba, Brazil, Italy, Romania, and the United States. Portugal, however, banned them. The psychiatrist who had initially referred patients to Moniz and Lima refused to provide any more. Soon, other Portuguese psychiatrists refused to provide patients. All had become horrified by the results. It was only later that the reasons for Portugal’s ban became clear. By then, however, it was far too late.
