When it comes to the future, predictions are difficult. We can extrapolate based on 14 billion years of history; that seems like a solid game to play, but it implicitly relies on the assumption that the universe will keep working the same way in the future that it has in the past. That is pure assumption—we know that the universe has had multiple radically different periods in its past (pre–Big Bang, Big Bang inflation, current era of expansion) so predicting that the universe will not change in the future smacks of overconfidence.

