Because of the digital revolution, businesses face new levels of complexity and uncertainty. The industrial-age approach to managing uncertainty was to make detailed plans. Because software systems are complex, that approach does not work. Detailed plans break down in the face of reality. The best way to deal with uncertainty is to adopt a continuous, small-batch approach that is oriented toward learning your way forward. This approach, pioneered in the software world, is increasingly relevant across the business because many operations are tied in some way to software.
