In it, Chiang blamed Westerners for famines, stock market panics, the breakup of the Chinese family, selfishness, and drug use. He castigated Christianity—even though he was a Methodist—and lambasted Western education—even though his wife had been schooled in the United States. To accomplish the task of modernizing China, Chiang, in a companion volume called Chinese Economic Theory, advocated a state-run economy.

