“Say an enterprising individual wanted to do business, but at that time he or she could not do so. This person could collaborate with township and village officials and start a TVE in the name of the local government.”43 It is impossible to know for sure how many TVEs were actually collective or privately managed or a mixture of the two. Regardless, these enterprises became “the major driving force of our industrial economy.”44 Locals characterized the 1980s as the decade of “a mini growth spurt.”45
