The study of changing settlement patterns of the times suggests that after the Ubaid period (circa 650 to 3800 BCE), which was characterized by small settlements by the semi-nomadic Ubaid people and some degree of site planning, the Sumerians came from the north or east, settled in the southern Mesopotamia region, and were the first to completely depend on irrigation systems. Therefore, one of the main distinctions that differentiated them from the Ubaid was that the Sumerians were no longer nomadic; instead, once the development of sophisticated irrigation systems, irrigation availability
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