perhaps, they reasoned, fixing those gut problems might also lead to changes in behaviour? To test this idea, the duo fed B-frag to Patterson’s mice.34 The results were remarkable. The rodents became keener to explore, harder to startle, less prone to repetitive movements, and more communicative. They were still reluctant to approach other mice, but in every other respect B-frag had reversed the changes caused by their mothers’ immune responses.