Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) captured the realities of the conflict in eighty-two engravings known by the title The Disasters of War. Unpublished until the 1860s, they showed horrific scenes of rape, pillage, mutilation and butchery. In one of the engravings, a corpse is depicted rising from a coffin holding a sheet of paper inscribed with the word Nada, ‘Nothing’, the word that the painter chose to summarize the end result of the bitter years of conflict.
