Berlin’s population grew from 172,000 in 1800 to 419,000 at mid-century, 1,122,000 by 1880, and more than two million thirty years later, on the eve of the First World War. The population of Copenhagen increased from just over 100,000 in 1800 to more than half a million in 1910. After Buda and Pest, facing each other across the Danube, were formally united in 1873, the population of the Hungarian capital grew from 270,000 to 880,000 by the First World War. Lisbon’s population, more or less static for most of the nineteenth century, suddenly shot up from 242,000 in 1880 to 435,000 thirty years
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