The stubborn Dutch were still refusing to leave Antwerp a year later, however, so in November 1832 the French invaded again and besieged the town, while the British Navy blockaded the river Scheldt to coerce the Dutch into surrender, which they did in December 1832. It was to take until 1839 before the outstanding issues were finally settled. Luxembourg, or rather its German-speaking eastern half, remained under the Dutch king until the succession of Queen Wilhelmina (1880–1962) to the Dutch throne in 1890 caused it to pass to the nearest male heir, since the Grand Duchy was governed by the
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