A more thoroughgoing liberal revolution in 1868, bringing about the deposition of Queen Isabella II and the proclamation of a republic in 1875 after the brief interlude of Amadeo I’s unsuccessful reign, was the signal for peasants across the south to occupy and divide seigneurial and common lands. Illegal grazing, occupations, theft, and all kinds of low-level agrarian protest rumbled on in parts of Spain beyond the end of the century.
