few of the jihadis have much of a background in Islamic texts or theology, if any.32 The best strategy, Polk advises, would be “a multinational, welfare-oriented and psychologically satisfying program … that would make the hatred ISIS relies upon less virulent. The elements have been identified for us: communal needs, compensation for previous transgressions, and calls for a new beginning.”33 He adds, “A carefully phrased apology for past transgressions would cost little and do much.”
