Interunion disputes were a problem as well. In Boston, the Massachusetts Port Authority spent $1.1 million to build a container crane in 1966 so that Sea-Land ships could call on their way between New York and Europe, but the terminal was kept closed first by a dispute between the ILA and port employers and then by a dispute between the ILA and the Teamsters union. Sea-Land and its competitors soon learned that they could operate more profitably by trucking Europe-bound containers to New York and having their ships bypass Boston, and port traffic never recovered.
